A RevCycleIntelligence article entitled “CMS Targets Value-Based Purchasing, Drug Costs to Reduce Spending” references the Leavitt Partners “Accountable Care Organizations and Risk-Based Payment Arrangements: Strong Preference for Upside-Only Contracts” white paper. The article states, “About 61 percent of ACO contracts contain only upside financial risk, meaning organizations do not have to repay financial losses, a 2016 Leavitt Partners analysis showed.” The article also cites the Health Care Transformation Task Force’s “ACOs Reduced Direct Medicare Spending by $836 Million in 2016” report.